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Zirconia ceramic ZrO2 is white. If it is yellow or gray when containing impurities, it generally contains HfO2 and is not easy to separate. The production of zirconia ceramics requires the preparation of high-purity, well dispersed, ultrafine particles and narrow particle size distribution powders. There are many methods for the preparation of zirconia ultrafine powders. The purification of zirconia mainly includes chlorination and thermal decomposition, alkali metal oxidation decomposition, lime melting, plasma arc, precipitation, colloid, hydrolysis, spray pyrolysis, etc.

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Advantages of zirconia ceramics

1. High hardness, high toughness, high bending strength, zirconia ceramic density between 5.95-6.05g/cm3, zirconia has the highest toughness among four commonly used ceramic ball materials (Si3N4, SiC, Al2O3, ZrO2), more than 8MPa · m1/2.

2.High wear resistance, low friction coefficient, the wear resistance is 15 times of that of alumina ceramics, and the friction coefficient is only 1/2 of that of alumina ceramics. After grinding, the surface finish is higher, up to ▽ 9 or more, which is mirror like, extremely smooth, and the friction coefficient is smaller.

3. Good insulation, strong corrosion resistance, no static electricity, high temperature resistance, excellent thermal insulation performance, thermal expansion coefficient close to steel.

4. Zirconia ceramics have self-lubricating property, which can solve the pollution caused by lubricating medium and add inconvenience.

The sintering methods available for zirconia ceramics generally include

►pressureless sintering,
►hot pressing sintering and reactive hot pressing sintering,
►hot isostatic pressing sintering (HIP),
►microwave sintering,
►ultra-high pressure sintering,
►discharge plasma sintering (SPS),
►in-situ pressure forming sintering, etc.